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1 within
[wi'ðin] 1. preposition(inside (the limits of): She'll be here within an hour; I could hear sounds from within the building; His actions were within the law (= not illegal).) znotraj2. adverb(inside: Car for sale. Apply within.) znotraj* * *I [wiðín]adverbznotraj, v hiši, doma, v notranjosti; figuratively v dušiis he within? — je on doma?to go within — iti v hišo, v soboto make s.o. pure within figuratively očistiti komu dušoto stay within — ostati v hiši, domaII [wiðín]preposition (krajevno) v, znotraj; znotraj meje, v obsegu, ne nad; v dosegu, ne predaleč, ne dljè odwithin the house — v hiši, domahe is within the reach — on ni daleč, do njega je lahko pritiwithin sight — v vidu, videnwithin a bit, within a little — skorajwithin an ace — skoraj, malodaneto be within an ace of s.th. — za las čemu uitiwithin the meaning of the Act — znotraj zakona, po zakonu, predvideno po zakonuto live within one's income — živeti ustrezno svojim dohodkom, ne iznad svojih sredstevwithin a stone's throw — za lučaj, nedaleč, blizuhe was within a hair's breadth of losing his life — za las je manjkalo, da ni prišel ob življenje; (časovno) znotraj, v, v manj kotIII [wiðín]nounnotranja stran, notranjščina, notranjost -
2 hierarchy of activities
Finclassification of activities according to the level within the organization to which they relate, for example, product level activities, batch level activities, product sustaining activities, or facility sustaining activities -
3 batch-level activities
Finactivities which vary directly with the number of batches of output produced, and which are independent of the number of units within a batch. Setup costs are batch-level activities. -
4 to be within the scope of a trade-union's activities
Общая лексика: входить в компетенцию профсоюзаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > to be within the scope of a trade-union's activities
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5 activity
/æk'tiviti/ * danh từ - sự tích cực, sự hoạt động, sự nhanh nhẹn, sự linh lợi - (số nhiều) hoạt động =sport activities+ hoạt động thể thao =scientific activities+ hoạt động khoa học - phạm vi hoạt động =within my activities+ trong phạm vi hoạt động của tôi - (vật lý), (hoá học) tính hoạt động, độ hoạt động; tính phóng xạ, độ phóng xạ =photo - chenical activity+ tính hoạt động quang hoá =specific activity+ phóng xạ riêng -
6 danger area
danger area; DAn airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.(AN 2; AN 4; AN 15)опасная зона; DBoздушнoe прoстрaнствo устaнoвлeнных рaзмeрoв, в прeдeлaх кoтoрoгo вoпрeдeлённыe пeриoды врeмeни мoжeт oсущeствляться дeятeльнoсть, прeдстaвляющaяoпaснoсть для пoлётoв вoздушных судoв.International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > danger area
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7 D
danger area; DAn airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.(AN 2; AN 4; AN 15)опасная зона; DBoздушнoe прoстрaнствo устaнoвлeнных рaзмeрoв, в прeдeлaх кoтoрoгo вoпрeдeлённыe пeриoды врeмeни мoжeт oсущeствляться дeятeльнoсть, прeдстaвляющaяoпaснoсть для пoлётoв вoздушных судoв.International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > D
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8 опасная зона
опасная зона; DBoздушнoe прoстрaнствo устaнoвлeнных рaзмeрoв, в прeдeлaх кoтoрoгo вoпрeдeлённыe пeриoды врeмeни мoжeт oсущeствляться дeятeльнoсть, прeдстaвляющaяoпaснoсть для пoлётoв вoздушных судoв.danger area; DAn airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.(AN 2; AN 4; AN 15)Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > опасная зона
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9 D
опасная зона; DBoздушнoe прoстрaнствo устaнoвлeнных рaзмeрoв, в прeдeлaх кoтoрoгo вoпрeдeлённыe пeриoды врeмeни мoжeт oсущeствляться дeятeльнoсть, прeдстaвляющaяoпaснoсть для пoлётoв вoздушных судoв.danger area; DAn airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.(AN 2; AN 4; AN 15)Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > D
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10 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
11 scope
̈ɪskəup I сущ.
1) границы, рамки, пределы( возможностей, знаний и т. п.) within the scope of ≈ в рамках( чего-л.) beyond( one's) scope ≈ вне( чьей-л.) компетенции
2) масштаб, предел, размах, сфера, область( of - (действия) чего-л.) scope of fire Syn: range
1., scale III
1., calibre, size I
1.
3) возможности, простор, свобода( действий, мысли и т. п.) scope for initiative ≈ возможность проявления инициативы give scope to ≈ дать возможность, свободу ( кому-л.)
4) уст. намерение, цель Syn: purpose
1., intention, drift
1. II
1. сущ.
1) сокр. от microscope, telescope
1., periscope и от названий др. наблюдательных приборов
2) сокр. от horoscope
3) оптический прицел( ружья, винтовки) ;
(тж. scope sight)
4) а) осциллограф Syn: oscilloscope б) дисплей Syn: visual display unit в) экран локатора Syn: radarscope
2. гл. (оценивающе) смотреть( на что-л., кого-л.) ;
(тж. scope out) Syn: look at пределы, рамки, границы (возможностей, понимания, знаний и т. п.) - the * for investment возможности для капиталовложений - the * of smb.'s knowledge широта чьих-л. знаний - a mind of wide * широкий ум - to be beyond the * of a small child's mind быть непостижимым для ребенка /для детского ума/ - subjects which lie beyond smb.'s * вопросы, выходящие за пределы чьих-л. (по) знаний - we wonder at the * of the Greek intellect нас поражает широта кругозора древних греков - it is outside the * of out authority это не в нашей власти - that is beyond /outside/ my * я тут некомпетентен, это не входит в мою компетенцию - within the * of this volume в рамках этого тома пределы;
масштаб, размах, сфера, поле( деятельности) - the * of an inquiry область исследований - the * of (gun-) fire (военное) поле обстрела - the * of smb.'s activities поле /сфера/ чьей-л. деятельности - the * of the convention (юридическое) сфера применения (данной) конвенции - the * of a scientific work масштаб /размах/ научной работы - an undertaking of wide * крупное предприятие - it lies within the * of possible events это вполне может произойти - to be within the * of a trade-union's activities входить в компетенцию профсоюза - work within the * of an amateur работа, доступная и неспециалисту в этой области - to be excluded from the * of work не входить в план /не предусматриваться планом/ работы - to prevent any extension of the * of the incident локализовать происшествие - the * of the negotiations рамки (данных) переговоров - to be within the * of the agreement охватываться (данным) соглашением;
входить в сферу действия соглашения возможность, простор, свобода (действий) - to give smb. full /ample, abundant, wide/ * (for smth.) давать кому-л. полный простор (для какой-л. деятельности), предоставить кому-л. широкие возможности (для чего-л.) - to have full /free/ * to act /for one's activities/ иметь полную свободу действий - to give full /free/ * to one's imagination давать полную волю своей фантазии;
открывать простор для фантазии /воображения/ - to leave no * for imagination не давать простора для воображения - to offer more /better/ * for smth. /for doing smth./ предоставлять больше возможностей для чего-л. /для выполнения чего-л./ - he has no * for his abilities его способностям негде развернуться - to seek * for one's energies искать область применения своей энергии - his position affords him ample * его пост дает ему полную свободу действий (устаревшее) конечная цель (устаревшее) замысел, основная идея( автора, книги и т. п.) (морское) длина вытравленной (якорной) цепи сокр. от microscope, telescope, periscope и от названий других оптических приборов;
см. тж. - scope audit ~ область ревизии dynamic ~ вчт. динамический контекст embedded ~ вчт. вложенный контекст enclosing ~ вчт. объемлющий контекст scope возможности, простор (для передвижения, действий, мысли и т. п.) ;
to give one's fancy full scope дать простор фантазии a mind of wide ~ человек широких взглядов, широкого кругозора;
it is beyond my scope это вне моей компетенции a mind of wide ~ человек широких взглядов, широкого кругозора;
it is beyond my scope это вне моей компетенции scope возможности, простор (для передвижения, действий, мысли и т. п.) ;
to give one's fancy full scope дать простор фантазии ~ возможности, простор (для передвижения, действий, мысли и т.п.) ~ границы, рамки, пределы (возможностей, знаний и т. п.) ~ границы, рамки, пределы (возможностей, знаний и т.п.) ~ границы ~ масштаб ~ уст. намерение, цель ~ сокр. от microscope, telescope, periscope ~ охват ~ поле деятельности ~ предел, масштаб, размах, сфера;
scope of fire воен. поле обстрела ~ пределы ~ размах ~ рамки ~ свобода действий ~ сфера ~ предел, масштаб, размах, сфера;
scope of fire воен. поле обстрела ~ of lending охват кредитованием ~ of protection объем охраны ~ of protection пределы охраны ~ of validity пределы действия static ~ вчт. статический контекст ~ сокр. от microscope, telescope, periscope telescope: telescope врезаться( о вагонах столкнувшихся поездов) ~ оптическая (подзорная) труба;
телескоп ~ сжимать, сокращать( into - текст, рассказ и т. п.) ~ складывать(ся) (подобно телескопу) visibility ~ вчт. область видимости -
12 junto a
prep.1 next to, alongside, beside.2 around.3 as compared with.* * *next to* * *by, next to* * *= adjacent to, along with, alongside, concurrent with, coupled with, in combination with, in conjunction with, in juxtaposition with, in tandem with, together with, within one word of, next to, beside, hand in hand (with), side by side with, combined with, complete withEx. Most users would appreciate disciplines placed adjacent to related disciplines.Ex. A crisp, even impression became the norm, along with the use of respectable paper and ink.Ex. For example, inversion to Hospitals, Military will cause this heading to file alongside other headings commencing with the word Hospitals.Ex. Concurrent with these activities, the Library of Congress has also been engaged in building the RAL file from location reports received in machine-readable form from outside libraries.Ex. And coupled with it, the simple answer, yes, I think made for a rather historic exchange, and it surely was worth the price of admission.Ex. The sort form in combination with the type determines the sequence or filing order of entries in access-point and authority files.Ex. Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.Ex. The attraction of such displays is that the multidimensional relationships between subjects may be shown since any one subject can be displayed in juxtaposition with several others.Ex. Continuing education activities have to be offered in tandem with the service itself.Ex. Most such bulletins list titles or abstracts, together with citations of relevant new documents in the subject area.Ex. The system searches each term separately and then combines the resulting lists into records containing the term 'library' within one word of 'periodical'.Ex. Alf is convinced that she chews broken bottles and wears barbed wire next to her skin.Ex. A small check mark beside a heading can indicate that the heading was found in the source.Ex. Hand in hand with this comes the need for nurses to be able to question, evaluate and reflect on existing practice.Ex. Side by side with the freedom to define their project, however, students are given a fairly rigid methodological structure which should be enforced even if they are reluctant to use it.Ex. On examination, we find that each thesaurus contains an alphabetic list combined with a classified display, and each has a very detailed network of semantic cross-references.Ex. Such moulds were called double-faced to distinguish them from the ordinary single-faced moulds which continued to be used for making laid paper, complete with bar shadows, for the rest of the eighteenth century.* * *= adjacent to, along with, alongside, concurrent with, coupled with, in combination with, in conjunction with, in juxtaposition with, in tandem with, together with, within one word of, next to, beside, hand in hand (with), side by side with, combined with, complete withEx: Most users would appreciate disciplines placed adjacent to related disciplines.
Ex: A crisp, even impression became the norm, along with the use of respectable paper and ink.Ex: For example, inversion to Hospitals, Military will cause this heading to file alongside other headings commencing with the word Hospitals.Ex: Concurrent with these activities, the Library of Congress has also been engaged in building the RAL file from location reports received in machine-readable form from outside libraries.Ex: And coupled with it, the simple answer, yes, I think made for a rather historic exchange, and it surely was worth the price of admission.Ex: The sort form in combination with the type determines the sequence or filing order of entries in access-point and authority files.Ex: Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.Ex: The attraction of such displays is that the multidimensional relationships between subjects may be shown since any one subject can be displayed in juxtaposition with several others.Ex: Continuing education activities have to be offered in tandem with the service itself.Ex: Most such bulletins list titles or abstracts, together with citations of relevant new documents in the subject area.Ex: The system searches each term separately and then combines the resulting lists into records containing the term 'library' within one word of 'periodical'.Ex: Alf is convinced that she chews broken bottles and wears barbed wire next to her skin.Ex: A small check mark beside a heading can indicate that the heading was found in the source.Ex: Hand in hand with this comes the need for nurses to be able to question, evaluate and reflect on existing practice.Ex: Side by side with the freedom to define their project, however, students are given a fairly rigid methodological structure which should be enforced even if they are reluctant to use it.Ex: On examination, we find that each thesaurus contains an alphabetic list combined with a classified display, and each has a very detailed network of semantic cross-references.Ex: Such moulds were called double-faced to distinguish them from the ordinary single-faced moulds which continued to be used for making laid paper, complete with bar shadows, for the rest of the eighteenth century.* * *junto a adv next to -
13 be
be a threat to a country's economic independence — становити (собою) загрозу економічній незалежності країни, загрожувати економічній незалежності держави
be a threat to a country's sovereignty — становити (собою) загрозу національному суверенітету, загрожувати національному суверенітету
be abdicant of responsibilities — знімати з себе відповідальність; нехтувати своїми обов'язками
be appointed with the advice and consent — (of Parliament, etc.) призначатися за рекомендацією і згодою ( парламенту тощо)
be arrested while in attendance — бути заарештованим за порушення парламентського імунітету під час присутності ( на засіданні законодавчого органу), підлягати арешту на засіданні законодавчого органу
be brought to punishment for crime — = be brought to punishment for one's crime понести покарання за злочин
be brought to punishment for one's crime — = be brought to punishment for crime
be called as a witness for the defence — = be called as a witness for the defense викликатися в якості свідка захисту
be called as a witness for the defense — = be called as a witness for the defence
be disqualified from membership — ( of parliament) лишитися місця ( у парламенті) (про особу), не мати права бути членом ( парламенту)
be elected on the second ballot — = be elected on the second balloting бути обраним у другому турі виборів
be elected on the second balloting — = be elected on the second ballot
be engaged in activities that may endanger national security — займатися діяльність, що становить небезпеку для національної безпеки
be engaged in criminal activity — = be engaged in criminal activities займатися злочинною діяльністю
be engaged in criminal activities — = be engaged in criminal activity
be exempt from the jurisdiction of the receiving state — не підпадати під юрисдикцію держави-господаря
be involved in criminal activity — = be involved in criminal activities займатися злочинною діяльністю
be involved in criminal activities — = be involved in criminal activity
be of a recommendatory character — = be of a recommendatory nature мати рекомендаційний характер
be put in double jeopardy for the same offence — = be put in double jeopardy for the same offense судити двічі за один і той же злочин ( про злочинця)
be put in double jeopardy for the same offense — = be put in double jeopardy for the same offence
be released on an undertaking not to leave — ( a city) звільнятися під підписку про невиїзд ( з міста)
be subject to arbitrary judgement — = be subject to arbitrary judgment піддаватися довільному засудженню
be subject to arbitrary judgment — = be subject to arbitrary judgement
be subject to close control by legislation — = be subject to close control by legislation the courts підлягати суворому контролю з боку законодавчого органу (судів)
be subject to close control by legislation the courts — = be subject to close control by legislation
be subject to mandatory retirement at a fixed age — підлягати обов'язковому виходу у відставку (на пенсію) після досягнення визначеного віку
be subject to the discretion of the court — вирішуватися судом; віддаватися на розсуд суду
be tried twice for the same offence — = be tried twice for the same offence offense судити двічі за один і той же злочин ( про злочинця)
- be brought before a courtbe tried twice for the same offence offense — = be tried twice for the same offence
- be brought before a magistrate
- be effective as law
- be punished on an indictment
- be shaken on cross-examination
- be a fugitive from justice
- be a judge
- be a lawyer
- be a party to a crime
- be a representative
- be a violation
- be about to commit an offence
- be about to commit an offense
- be above the law
- be absent
- be absent from court
- be absent from duty
- be absent from work
- be accountable
- be accused
- be accused of bribe-taking
- be accused of high treason
- be actionable
- be actionable on proof
- be admitted to bail
- be admitted to citizenship
- be admitted to the bar
- be affixed
- be allowed as evidence
- be allowed in evidence
- be ambushed
- be answerable
- be appointed by the president
- be appointed a judge
- be approved by the legislature
- be armed
- be arrested en masse
- be at fault
- be at law
- be at quarrel
- be at the Bar
- be at the crime scene
- be at war
- be authorized by the situation
- be aware
- be aware of a risk
- be aware of one's rights
- be aware of the crime
- be based
- be behind bars
- be beneath one's dignity
- be biased
- be booked for speeding
- be born in lawful wedlock
- be brought to court for trial
- be brought up
- be brought up to one's trial
- be called to the Bar
- be called upon to testify
- be cast in lawsuit
- be censored
- be chairman
- be chairwoman
- be charged
- be charged on the article
- be charged with high treason
- be confirmed
- be considered an authority
- be constitutionally based
- be convicted of murder
- be criminally liable
- be debated
- be deemed harmful to health
- be defeated in elections
- be defined by law
- be deprived
- be deprived of legal validity
- be deprived of privileges
- be detained in one's home
- be discussed
- be dislocated
- be dispossessed
- be divorced
- be down for a speech
- be educated
- be educated in law
- be elected
- be elected by direct ballot
- be elected for a second term
- be elected President
- be eligible
- be eligible for an amnesty
- be eligible for consideration
- be engaged
- be engaged in prostitution
- be entangled by intrigue
- be entitled
- be entitled to an attorney
- be entitled to benefit
- be entitled to speak and vote
- be equal before the law
- be equal in rights
- be equally authentic
- be exact in one's payments
- be exempt from control
- be exempted from taxation
- be expert with a revolver
- be fined for speeding
- be found guilty
- be found guilty on all counts
- be found not guilty
- be free from forced marriage
- be given a clearance
- be given security clearance
- be governed
- be guaranteed against loss
- be guided
- be guilty
- be guilty of murder
- be head
- be heard by counsel
- be heard in one's defence
- be heard in one's defense
- be heavily taxed
- be held legally responsible
- be held liable
- be high on drugs
- be hurtful to the health
- be ignorant
- be immune
- be immune from attachment
- be immune from execution
- be immune from jurisdiction
- be immune from prosecution
- be immune from requisition
- be immune from search
- be implicated in a case
- be implicated in a crime
- be in a mora
- be in abeyance
- be in accordance with the law
- be in arrear
- be in arrears
- be in breach
- be in charge
- be in charge of a department
- be in conference
- be in continuous session
- be in control of one's actions
- be in control of the territory
- be in custody
- be in debt
- be in default
- be in dispute
- be in exile
- be in foster care
- be in hiding
- be in hock
- be in jail
- be in jeopardy
- be in office
- be in on a racket
- be in possession
- be in power
- be in prison
- be in protest
- be in session
- be in the chair
- be in the clear
- be in the committee
- be in the dock
- be in the majority
- be in the minority
- be in the possession
- be in trouble
- be in trouble with the law
- be inaugurated as president
- be incited
- be included in a commission
- be included in the amnesty
- be innocent of the crime
- be inspired
- be instigated
- be instructed in law
- be interdicted by law
- be involved
- be implicated in a case
- be implicated in the crime
- be legally entitled
- be legally obligated
- be legally responsible
- be levied with a tax
- be liable
- be liable to smth.
- be liable civilly
- be liable criminally
- be liable for confiscation
- be liable for punishment
- be liable for tax
- be liable to prosecution
- be made known
- be made widely known
- be morally bankrupt
- be number one on the hit list
- be of a recommendatory nature
- be of counsel
- be of full age
- be of legal age
- be of little legal consequence
- be of provocative character
- be on a death row
- be on a tour of inspection
- be on all fours
- be on charge
- be on duty
- be on leave
- be on one's trail
- be on patrol
- be on picket
- be on remand
- be on the downward path
- be on the floor
- be on the force
- be on the run
- be on the staff
- be on the stakeout
- be on the take
- be on the track
- be on the wanted circular
- be on the wanted list
- be operating illegally
- be out of court
- be out of it
- be out of uniform
- be out of work
- be out
- be outlawed
- be outside the reference
- be outvoted
- be persecuted
- be personally liable
- be placed in the dock
- be placed into the dock
- be placed under surveillance
- be popularly elected
- be prejudiced
- be present at the death
- be present at the hearing
- be privately owned
- be privileged from arrest
- be proctorized
- be prohibited by law
- be proscribed by law
- be prosecutable by law
- be prosecuted
- be proxy
- be pulled in for speeding
- be punishable
- be put in the dock
- be put into the dock
- be put on parole
- be put on trial
- be qualified for membership
- be raised to the bench
- be re-elected
- be received in audience
- be regulated
- be rehabilitated
- be released at large
- be released from prison
- be remiss in duties
- be responsible
- be rounded up
- be seised of an issue
- be sent on an embassy
- be sentenced to death
- be sentenced to life
- be served with a summons
- be sought for murder
- be steeped in crime
- be struck off the list
- be struck off the records
- be subject
- be subject to a rule
- be subject to an interception
- be subject to call
- be subject to control
- be subject to law
- be subject to licence
- be subject to license
- be subject to limitations
- be subject to penalty
- be subject to punishment
- be subject to qualifications
- be subject to ratification
- be subject to review
- be subject to sanction
- be subject to the supervision
- be subject to torture
- be subjected to censorship
- be subjected to discrimination
- be subjected to interrogation
- be subjected to penalty
- be subjected to persecution
- be subjected to reprisals
- be subjected to repressions
- be subjected to victimization
- be subordinate only to the law
- be subversive of discipline
- be sued
- be sued civilly
- be suspected
- be taxed
- be tortured to death
- be trained in law
- be trapped
- be treated as a crime
- be tried
- be under cognizance
- be under a ban
- be under a cloud
- be under a suspicion
- be under accusation
- be under age
- be under an accusation
- be under arrest
- be under constant surveillance
- be under debate
- be under discussion
- be under examination
- be under indictment
- be under investigation
- be under legal age
- be under surveillance
- be under suspicion
- be under the control
- be under the effect of alcohol
- be under the jurisdiction
- be unopposed in the election
- be unopposed in the elections
- be valid
- be valid for a certain period
- be vested in the people
- be vicariously liable
- be victimized
- be well versed in law
- be widely defined
- be within cognizance
- be without appeal
- be without further appeal
- be wrong -
14 rayon
rayon [ʀεjɔ̃]1. masculine nouna. ( = faisceau) rayb. [de cercle] radiusc. [de roue] spoked. ( = planche) shelfe. [de magasin] department• le rayon alimentation/parfumerie the food/perfume departmentf. [de ruche] honeycombg. ( = périmètre) radius2. compounds* * *ʀɛjɔ̃nom masculin1) Mathématique radius2) ( limite) radiusrayon d'action — lit range; fig sphere of activity ou activities
3) (de lumière, lune) rayun rayon de soleil — lit a ray of sunlight; fig ( personne) a ray of sunshine
être traité or soigné aux rayons — to undergo radiation treatment
5) ( de roue) spoke6) ( étagère) shelf7) Commerce ( dans un grand magasin) department8) (colloq) ( domaine)c'est mon rayon — ( responsabilité) that's my department (colloq)
ce n'est pas mon rayon — ( compétence) that's not (really) my line
9) Zoologie* * *ʀɛjɔ̃1. nm1) (lumineux, infrarouge, irradiant) rayun rayon de soleil — a sunbeam, a ray of sunlight
2) MATHÉMATIQUE, [cercle] radius3) [roue] spoke4) (= étagère) shelf pl5) [grand magasin] departmentmettre en rayon [produit, marchandise] — to put on the shelves
être en rayon [produit, marchandise] — to be on the shelves
Désolée, Madame, ils ne sont plus en rayon. — Sorry Madam, there are none left on the shelves.
6) fig (= domaine) responsibility, concernDemande à Sabine, c'est son rayon. — Ask Sabine, that's her department.
ce n'est pas mon rayon (cela ne me concerne pas) — it's not my concern, it's not my responsibility
7) [ruche] honeycomb2. rayons nmpl(= radiothérapie) radiation, radiation treatment* * *rayon nm1 Math radius; un rayon de 10 cm a radius of 10 cm; tracer un cercle de rayon r draw a circle with radius r;2 ( limite) radius; dans un rayon de 10 km within a 10 km radius; rayon d'action lit range; fig sphere of activity ou activities; rayon d'action d'une arme range of action of a weapon; avion à grand rayon d'action long-range aircraft;3 (de lumière, lune) ray; les rayons du soleil, les rayons solaires the sun's rays; un rayon de soleil lit a ray of sunlight; fig ( personne) a ray of sunshine; ma fille c'est mon rayon de soleil my daughter is the light of my life; j'ai profité qu'il y avait un rayon de soleil pour sortir I took advantage of a moment's sunshine to go out;4 Méd, Phys ( radiation) radiation ¢, ray; les rayons X X-rays; les rayons alpha/bêta/gamma/ultraviolets/infrarouges alpha/beta/gamma/ultraviolet/infrared rays; rayon laser laser beam; être traité or soigné aux rayons to undergo radiation treatment; avoir une série de rayons○ to undergo a course of radiation treatment; passer un objet aux rayons (X) to X-ray an object;5 ( de roue) spoke;6 ( étagère) shelf; rayon de bibliothèque (book)shelf;7 Comm ( dans un grand magasin) department; ( dans un petit magasin) section; aller voir au rayon alimentation to try the food section ou department; au rayon (des) jouets in the toy department; avoir des chemises en rayon to have shirts out on the shelves; tous nos modèles sont en rayons all our styles are on display; la littérature de second rayon top-shelf magazines;8 ( domaine) c'est mon rayon ( responsabilité) that's my department○; ce n'est pas mon rayon ( affaire) that's not my concern; ( compétence) it's ou that's not (really) my line; il en connaît un rayon à ce sujet he knows a lot about it;9 Zool un rayon (de ruche) a honeycomb.rayon de braquage Aut turning circle; rayon cathodique cathode ray; rayons cosmiques Astron cosmic rays; rayon lumineux light ray, ray of light; rayon de la mort death ray; rayon terrestre radius of the Earth; rayon vert green flash; rayon visuel visual ray.[rɛjɔ̃] nom masculinA.[du soleil] raya. a ray of sunshine, a sunbeam3. MATHÉMATIQUES [vecteur] radius vector[d'un cercle] radius4. [de roue] spoke5. [distance] radius6. AUTOMOBILE7. MILITAIREB.3. (familier) [domaine]demande à ton père, c'est son rayon ask your father, that's his department[d'abeilles] honeycomb————————rayons nom masculin pluriel2. PHYSIQUErayons bêta/gamma beta/gamma raysrayons infrarouges/ultraviolets infrared/ultraviolet light -
15 plazo
m.1 period (of time).en el plazo de un mes within a monthmañana termina el plazo de inscripción the deadline for registration is tomorrowtenemos de plazo hasta el domingo we have until Sundaya corto/medio/largo plazo in the short/medium/long termuna solución a corto/largo plazo a short-/long-term solutionen breve plazo within a short time2 installment.pagar a plazos to pay in installmentsplazo mensual monthly installment* * *1 (periodo de tiempo) time■ tiene tres días de plazo para presentar la documentación you have three days in which to hand in the papers2 (de compra) instalment, US installment\comprar algo a plazos to buy something on hire purchase, US buy something on an installment plan* * *noun m.1) term, period2) installment•* * *SM1) (=período) periodnos dan un plazo de ocho días para acabar el trabajo — they've given us eight days to finish the job
¿cuándo vence el plazo? — when is the deadline?
a plazo — (Com) on credit
a plazo fijo — (Com) fixed-term
plazo de entrega — delivery time, delivery date
plazo de prescripción — (Jur) time limit
2) (=pago) instalment, installment (EEUU), payment* * *1) ( de tiempo) periodcuenta/depósito a plazo fijo — (Fin) fixed term account/deposit
comprar a plazo fijo — (Fin) to buy forward
un objetivo a corto/largo/medio or (CS) mediano plazo — a short-term/long-term/medium-term objective
2) (mensualidad, cuota) installment** * *= instalment [installment, -USA], schedule, time frame [timeframe], deadline, term, dateline, period, time limit, timeline [time line].Ex. A fascicle is one of the temporary divisions of a work that, for convenience in printing or publication, is issued in small instalments, usually incomplete in themselves.Ex. The head librarian had set up a timetable of activities for her in advance and topics and schedules for the courses she would teach at the library school.Ex. This not only gives the decision maker an idea of the time frame involved but also aids in identifying potential weaknesses.Ex. The deadline for these second phase reports is, I believe, October 30, 1975.Ex. The board consists of seven members elected by popular ballot for three-year terms.Ex. All we have left of the millenarian dateline is the countdown to it.Ex. Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.Ex. The time involved in all searches was carefully measured; in test 1 the time limit was set at 10 minutes, while for searchers in test 2 the time limit was extended to 15 minutes.Ex. This article describes a city-wide communications network, looks behind the scenes at how it was developed, and summarises what was learned from creating the system on a tight timeline.----* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.* a más largo plazo = longer-term.* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].* cierre de plazo = deadline, dateline.* compra a plazos apartando el producto = layaway, lay-by.* con un plazo de tiempo muy = at (a) very short notice.* con un plazo de tiempo tan corto = at such short notice.* cumplir (con) un plazo = meet + deadline, comply with + deadline.* de plazo vencido = lapsed, overdue.* en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.* final del plazo = closing date, deadline, dateline.* fuera de plazo = late.* futuro a largo plazo = long-term future.* imposición a plazo fijo = certificate of deposit.* incentivo laboral a largo plazo = golden handcuffs.* no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.* plan a largo plazo = long-term plan.* plazo de ejecución = time scale [timescale], time scale [timescale].* plazo de presentación = call for projects, call for papers.* plazo de presentación de proyectos = call for proposals.* plazo de respuesta = turnaround time, turnabout time.* plazo de tiempo = timeline [time line].* plazo legal = statutory term.* plazos = time scale [timescale], time schedule.* plazos de amortización = repayment schedules.* política a largo plazo = long term policy, long term policy.* préstamo de plazo intermedio = intermediate-term loan.* solución a corto plazo = short-term solution.* solución a largo plazo = long-term solution.* tarifa por inscripción fuera de plazo = late registration fee.* tener el plazo cumplido = be due.* tener el plazo vencido = be overdue.* trabajar con plazos de entrega estrictos = work to + deadlines.* * *1) ( de tiempo) periodcuenta/depósito a plazo fijo — (Fin) fixed term account/deposit
comprar a plazo fijo — (Fin) to buy forward
un objetivo a corto/largo/medio or (CS) mediano plazo — a short-term/long-term/medium-term objective
2) (mensualidad, cuota) installment** * *= instalment [installment, -USA], schedule, time frame [timeframe], deadline, term, dateline, period, time limit, timeline [time line].Ex: A fascicle is one of the temporary divisions of a work that, for convenience in printing or publication, is issued in small instalments, usually incomplete in themselves.
Ex: The head librarian had set up a timetable of activities for her in advance and topics and schedules for the courses she would teach at the library school.Ex: This not only gives the decision maker an idea of the time frame involved but also aids in identifying potential weaknesses.Ex: The deadline for these second phase reports is, I believe, October 30, 1975.Ex: The board consists of seven members elected by popular ballot for three-year terms.Ex: All we have left of the millenarian dateline is the countdown to it.Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.Ex: The time involved in all searches was carefully measured; in test 1 the time limit was set at 10 minutes, while for searchers in test 2 the time limit was extended to 15 minutes.Ex: This article describes a city-wide communications network, looks behind the scenes at how it was developed, and summarises what was learned from creating the system on a tight timeline.* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.* a más largo plazo = longer-term.* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].* cierre de plazo = deadline, dateline.* compra a plazos apartando el producto = layaway, lay-by.* con un plazo de tiempo muy = at (a) very short notice.* con un plazo de tiempo tan corto = at such short notice.* cumplir (con) un plazo = meet + deadline, comply with + deadline.* de plazo vencido = lapsed, overdue.* en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.* final del plazo = closing date, deadline, dateline.* fuera de plazo = late.* futuro a largo plazo = long-term future.* imposición a plazo fijo = certificate of deposit.* incentivo laboral a largo plazo = golden handcuffs.* no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.* plan a largo plazo = long-term plan.* plazo de ejecución = time scale [timescale], time scale [timescale].* plazo de presentación = call for projects, call for papers.* plazo de presentación de proyectos = call for proposals.* plazo de respuesta = turnaround time, turnabout time.* plazo de tiempo = timeline [time line].* plazo legal = statutory term.* plazos = time scale [timescale], time schedule.* plazos de amortización = repayment schedules.* política a largo plazo = long term policy, long term policy.* préstamo de plazo intermedio = intermediate-term loan.* solución a corto plazo = short-term solution.* solución a largo plazo = long-term solution.* tarifa por inscripción fuera de plazo = late registration fee.* tener el plazo cumplido = be due.* tener el plazo vencido = be overdue.* trabajar con plazos de entrega estrictos = work to + deadlines.* * *A (de tiempo) periodhay un plazo de diez días para reclamar there is a ten-day period in which to register complaintsel plazo de inscripción se cierra el próximo lunes registration closes next Monday, the deadline for registration is next Mondaytenemos un mes de plazo para pagar we have one month (in which) to paynos han dado de plazo hasta el día 10 they've given us the 10th as a deadline, they've given us until the 10th to pay ( o to finish etc)el plazo de admisión finaliza el 20 de octubre the closing date for entries is the 20th of Octoberdentro del plazo estipulado within the stipulated periodcuenta/depósito a plazo fijo ( Fin) fixed term account/depositcomprar a plazo fijo ( Fin) to buy forwardun objetivo a corto/largo/medio or ( RPl) mediano plazo a short-term/long-term/medium-term objectiveCompuestos:immovable deadlinefixed deadlineB (mensualidad, cuota) installment*pagar a plazos to pay in installmentslo compré a plazos I bought it on installments o ( BrE) on hire purchasele quedan por pagar tres plazos del coche he still has three payments to make on the car* * *
plazo sustantivo masculino
1 ( de tiempo) period;
el plazo vence el próximo lunes (para proyecto, trabajo) the deadline is next Monday;
( para entrega de solicitudes) next Monday is the closing date;
un objetivo a corto/largo plazo a short-term/long-term objective
2 (mensualidad, cuota) installment( conjugate installment);
comprar a plazos to buy on installments
plazo sustantivo masculino
1 (de tiempo) term: el plazo termina mañana, tomorrow is the deadline
estamos fuera de plazo, we're past the deadline
2 (cuota) instalment, US installment
comprar a plazos, to buy on hire purchase
US to buy on an installment plan
' plazo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ampliar
- ampliación
- cumplir
- cumplida
- cumplido
- cumplirse
- dentro
- destiempo
- fuera
- imposición
- inscripción
- prórroga
- término
- transcurso
- vencer
- vencida
- vencido
- vencimiento
- abreviar
- alargar
- caducar
- concluir
- contado
- cuota
- entrega
- extender
- extensión
- larga
- medio
- pactar
- para
- prolongar
English:
allow
- amortize
- deadline
- delivery
- expire
- forward
- hard-pressed
- installment
- instalment
- long-range
- long-term
- manuscript
- medium-term
- payment
- short
- short-term
- term
- time limit
- dead
- fixed
- long
- medium
- notice
- over
- period
- repayment
- time
* * *plazo nm1. [de tiempo] period (of time);en el plazo de un mes within a month;mañana termina el plazo de inscripción the deadline for registration is tomorrow;tenemos de plazo hasta el domingo we have until Sunday;hay un plazo de dos semanas para inscribirse there is a period of two weeks for registration;el plazo previsto the target date;a corto/medio o RP [m5]mediano/largo plazo in the short/medium/long term;una solución a corto/largo plazo a short-/long-term solution;en breve plazo within a short time;invertir dinero a plazo fijo to invest money for a fixed termCom plazo de entrega delivery time2. [de dinero] instalment;pagar a plazos to pay in instalmentsplazo mensual monthly instalment o repayment* * *f1 de tiempo period;a corto/largo plazo in the short/long term;en el plazo de tres meses within three months2 ( pago) installment, Brinstalment;a plazos in installments;meter su dinero a plazo fijo put one’s money on fixed-term deposit* * *plazo nm1) : period, termun plazo de cinco días: a period of five daysa largo plazo: long-term2) abono: installmentpagar a plazos: to pay in installments* * *plazo n1. (período de tiempo) period2. (pago) instalmentsi me compro un coche, lo pagaré a plazos if I buy a car, I'll pay for it in instalments -
16 scope
I [skəʋp] n1. пределы, рамки, границы (возможностей, понимания, знаний и т. п.)the scope of smb.'s knowledge [of smb.'s interests] - широта чьих-л. знаний [чьих-л. интересов]
a mind of wide [of limited] scope - широкий [ограниченный] ум
to be beyond the scope of a small child's mind - быть непостижимым для ребёнка /для детского ума/
subjects which lie beyond smb.'s scope - вопросы, выходящие за пределы чьих-л. (по)знаний
we wonder at the scope of the Greek intellect - нас поражает широта кругозора древних греков
that is beyond /outside/ my scope - я тут некомпетентен, это не входит в мою компетенцию
2. пределы; масштаб, размах, сфера, поле ( деятельности)the scope of (gun-)fire - воен. поле обстрела
the scope of smb.'s activities - поле /сфера/ чьей-л. деятельности
the scope of the convention - юр. сфера применения (данной) конвенции
the scope of a scientific work - масштаб /размах/ научной работы
to be with in the scope of a trade-union's activities - входить в компетенцию профсоюза
work within the scope of an amateur - работа, доступная и неспециалисту в этой области
to be excluded from the scope of work - не входить в план /не предусматриваться планом/ работы
to prevent any extension of the scope of the incident - локализовать происшествие
to be within the scope of the agreement - охватываться (данным) соглашением; входить в сферу действия соглашения
3. возможность, простор, свобода (действий)to give smb. full /ample, abundant, wide/ scope (for smth.) - давать кому-л. полный простор (для какой-л. деятельности), предоставить кому-л. широкие возможности (для чего-л.)
to have full /free/ scope to act /for one's activities/ - иметь полную свободу действий
to give full /free/ scope to one's imagination - давать полную волю своей фантазии; открывать простор для фантазии /воображения/
to offer more /better/ scope for smth. /for doing smth./ - предоставлять больше возможностей для чего-л. /для выполнения чего-л./
to seek scope for one's energies - искать область применения своей энергии
his position affords him ample scope - его пост даёт ему полную свободу действий
4. арх.1) конечная цель2) замысел, основная идея (автора, книги и т. п.)5. мор. длина вытравленной (якорной) цепиII [skəʋp] сокр. от microscope, telescope, periscope и от названий других оптических приборов; см. тж. -scope -
17 scope
I [skəʋp] n1. пределы, рамки, границы (возможностей, понимания, знаний и т. п.)the scope of smb.'s knowledge [of smb.'s interests] - широта чьих-л. знаний [чьих-л. интересов]
a mind of wide [of limited] scope - широкий [ограниченный] ум
to be beyond the scope of a small child's mind - быть непостижимым для ребёнка /для детского ума/
subjects which lie beyond smb.'s scope - вопросы, выходящие за пределы чьих-л. (по)знаний
we wonder at the scope of the Greek intellect - нас поражает широта кругозора древних греков
that is beyond /outside/ my scope - я тут некомпетентен, это не входит в мою компетенцию
2. пределы; масштаб, размах, сфера, поле ( деятельности)the scope of (gun-)fire - воен. поле обстрела
the scope of smb.'s activities - поле /сфера/ чьей-л. деятельности
the scope of the convention - юр. сфера применения (данной) конвенции
the scope of a scientific work - масштаб /размах/ научной работы
to be with in the scope of a trade-union's activities - входить в компетенцию профсоюза
work within the scope of an amateur - работа, доступная и неспециалисту в этой области
to be excluded from the scope of work - не входить в план /не предусматриваться планом/ работы
to prevent any extension of the scope of the incident - локализовать происшествие
to be within the scope of the agreement - охватываться (данным) соглашением; входить в сферу действия соглашения
3. возможность, простор, свобода (действий)to give smb. full /ample, abundant, wide/ scope (for smth.) - давать кому-л. полный простор (для какой-л. деятельности), предоставить кому-л. широкие возможности (для чего-л.)
to have full /free/ scope to act /for one's activities/ - иметь полную свободу действий
to give full /free/ scope to one's imagination - давать полную волю своей фантазии; открывать простор для фантазии /воображения/
to offer more /better/ scope for smth. /for doing smth./ - предоставлять больше возможностей для чего-л. /для выполнения чего-л./
to seek scope for one's energies - искать область применения своей энергии
his position affords him ample scope - его пост даёт ему полную свободу действий
4. арх.1) конечная цель2) замысел, основная идея (автора, книги и т. п.)5. мор. длина вытравленной (якорной) цепиII [skəʋp] сокр. от microscope, telescope, periscope и от названий других оптических приборов; см. тж. -scope -
18 ámbito de acción
(n.) = territory, sphere of influenceEx. The report suggests that structural changes within higher education and within the information industry affect the legitimacy, status, and territory of librarians' work.Ex. One of the critical responsibilities of management level personnel within any organisation is measuring and optimising the performance of activities within their sphere of influence.* * *(n.) = territory, sphere of influenceEx: The report suggests that structural changes within higher education and within the information industry affect the legitimacy, status, and territory of librarians' work.
Ex: One of the critical responsibilities of management level personnel within any organisation is measuring and optimising the performance of activities within their sphere of influence. -
19 scope
noun, no indef. art.1) Bereich, der; (of person's activities) Betätigungsfeld, das; (of person's job) Aufgabenbereich, der; (of department etc.) Zuständigkeitsbereich, der; Zuständigkeit, die; (of discussion, meeting, negotiations, investigations, etc.) Rahmen, derthat is a subject beyond my scope — das fällt nicht in meine Sparte; (beyond my grasp) das ist mir zu hoch
2) (opportunity) Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten Pl.* * *[skəup]1) ((often with for) the opportunity or chance to do, use or develop: There's no scope for originality in this job.) der Raum2) (the area or extent of an activity etc: Few things are beyond the scope of a child's imagination.) der Bereich* * *[skəʊp, AM skoʊp]n no plthe \scope of a law der Anwendungsbereich [o Geltungsbereich] eines Gesetzesthat problem is beyond the \scope of my lecture diese Problematik sprengt den Rahmen meines Vortragswe would now like to broaden the \scope of the enquiry wir würden nun gerne den Rahmen der Befragung erweiternhis study was very narrow in \scope seine Studie war von sehr eingeschränkter Sichtweise\scope for improvement Verbesserungsbereich mconsiderable/limited \scope beachtliche/begrenzte Möglichkeiten* * *[skəʊp]n1) (of topic, idea, investigation) Umfang m; (of law, measures) Reichweite f; (of sb's duties, department, tribunal) Kompetenzbereich msth is within the scope of sth — etw hält sich or bleibt im Rahmen einer Sache (gen)
sth is within the scope of a department etc — etw fällt in den Kompetenzbereich einer Abteilung etc
that's beyond the scope of this department — das geht über den Kompetenzbereich dieser Abteilung hinaus
it's not within the scope of my authority to allow that — es würde meine Kompetenzen überschreiten, dies zu erlauben
this project is more limited in scope — dieses Projekt ist auf einen engeren Rahmen begrenzt
that is beyond my scope or the scope of my understanding —
that job is within his scope — diese Arbeit liegt im Bereich seiner Fähigkeiten
3) (= opportunity) Möglichkeit(en) f(pl); (to develop one's talents) Entfaltungsmöglichkeit f; (to use one's talents) Spielraum mthere is scope for further growth in the tourist industry —
there is little scope for reducing our costs — es gibt wenig Spielraum, um die Kosten zu senken
to give sb scope to do sth — jdm den nötigen Spielraum geben, etw zu tun
the job gave him/his imaginative powers full scope — in diesem Beruf konnten sich seine Fähigkeiten/konnte sich seine Fantasie or Phantasie frei entfalten
4)See:= microscope, periscope etc* * *scope1 [skəʊp] s1. (JUR Anwendungs-)Bereich m, Gebiet n:within the scope of the law im Rahmen des Gesetzes;come within the scope of a law unter ein Gesetz fallen;be within ( outside oder beyond) the scope of sich im Rahmen (gen) halten (den Rahmen gen sprengen);that is within ( outside oder beyond) my scope of duties das fällt (nicht) in meinen Aufgabenbereich;an undertaking of wide scope ein groß angelegtes Unternehmen; → academic.ru/29872/function">function A 12. Ausmaß n, Umfang m, Reichweite f:scope of authority JUR Vollmachtsumfanggive one’s fancy full scope seiner Fantasie freien Lauf lassen;have free scope freie Hand haben ( for bei)5. Wirkungskreis m, Betätigungsfeld n6. Länge f (eines Kabels etc)7. Schuss-, Reichweite f8. a) Ausdehnung f, Weite fb) (großes) Gebiet, (weiter) Landstrich* * *noun, no indef. art.1) Bereich, der; (of person's activities) Betätigungsfeld, das; (of person's job) Aufgabenbereich, der; (of department etc.) Zuständigkeitsbereich, der; Zuständigkeit, die; (of discussion, meeting, negotiations, investigations, etc.) Rahmen, derthat is a subject beyond my scope — das fällt nicht in meine Sparte; (beyond my grasp) das ist mir zu hoch
2) (opportunity) Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten Pl.* * *n.Bereich -e m.Geltungsbereich m.Gültigkeitsbereich m.Rahmen - m.Reichweite f. -
20 limite
"limit;Grenze;Anschlag;limite"* * *m limit( confine) boundarylimite di età age limitlimite di velocità speed limital limite at most, at the outsidenei limiti del possibile to the best of one's ability* * *limite s.m.1 limit; bound; boundary, edge: i limiti di un campo di gioco, the boundaries of a playing field; il limite dell'area di rigore, the edge of the penalty area; fissare un limite, to fix a limit; limite d'età, age limit; stabilire un limite di tempo, to set a time limit; porre un limite all'autorità di qlcu., to set limits to s.o.'s authority; mantenersi entro certi limiti, to keep within certain limits; conoscere i propri limiti, to know one's limits; c'è un limite a tutto!, there's a limit to everything; essere al limite della sopportazione, to be at the end of one's tether; impegnarsi al limite delle proprie possibilità, to do as much as one can // al limite, (fig.) if the worst comes to the worst (o at worst): al limite ti aiuterò io, if the worst comes to the worst I'll help you // passare ogni limite, to go too far // orgoglio senza limiti, unbounded pride // caso limite, borderline case // limite di guardia, safety level; (fig.) danger point: la tensione internazionale ha raggiunto il limite di guardia, the international tension has reached danger point // limite chilometrico, kilometre marker // (aut.): limite di velocità, speed limit; limite di peso, di carico, weight, load limit // (econ.): prezzo limite, price limit; limite di spesa, expenditure limitation; limite massimo (di consegna), superior limit // ( banca): limite di credito, credit limit (o ceiling); limite di indebitamento, debt (o borrowing) limit // (edil.): limite di rottura, breaking point; limite di elasticità, limit of elasticity (o elastic limit) // (metall.) limite di elasticità convenzionale, proof stress // (ferr.) indicazione del limite di portata, marked capacity // (inform.) limiti estremi, range // (boxe) vincere prima del limite, to win within the distance2 (mat.) limit; bound: limite di una funzione, limit of a function; limiti d'integrazione, integration limits; minimo limite superiore, least upper bound.* * *['limite]1. sm(gen), fig limit, (confine) boundary, limit, borderc'è un limite a tutto!; tutto ha un limite! — there are limits!
senza limite o limiti — boundless, limitless
passare il o ogni limite — to go too far
al limite — if the worst comes to the worst Brit, if worst comes to worst Am, if necessary
non portare l'ombrello - al limite te ne presto uno — don't bring your umbrella - if necessary I'll lend you one
2. agg inv* * *['limite] 1.sostantivo maschile1) (linea di demarcazione) border, boundary2) (confine, termine definito) limit, limitationconoscere, riconoscere i propri -i — to know, acknowledge one's (own) limitations
senza -i — [entusiasmo, generosità] boundless; [libertà, gioia] unrestrained
porre dei -i a — to impose o place limitations o restrictions on
passare il, ogni limite — to go over the limit, to go too far
hai davvero superato ogni limite! — you're really carrying it too far! you're way out of line! colloq.
al limite — (nel peggiore dei casi) at worst; (al massimo) at (the) most
3) (quadro)nei -i del possibile — as far as possible, within the bounds of possibility
4) mat. limit2.aggettivo invariabiledata limite — deadline, time-limit
limite massimo — econ. ceiling
limite di velocità — speed limit o restriction
* * *limite/'limite/I sostantivo m.1 (linea di demarcazione) border, boundary; al limite del bosco on the edge of the wood2 (confine, termine definito) limit, limitation; conoscere, riconoscere i propri -i to know, acknowledge one's (own) limitations; c'è un limite a tutto there's a limit to everything; senza -i [ entusiasmo, generosità] boundless; [ libertà, gioia] unrestrained; porre dei -i a to impose o place limitations o restrictions on; non ci sono -i alla sua curiosità there are no bounds to her curiosity; superare i -i della decenza to cross the bounds of decency; passare il, ogni limite to go over the limit, to go too far; hai davvero superato ogni limite! you're really carrying it too far! you're way out of line! colloq.; al limite (nel peggiore dei casi) at worst; (al massimo) at (the) most; attività al limite della legalità activities bordering on the illegal; essere al limite (della sopportazione) to be at breaking point3 (quadro) entro certi -i within limits; nei -i del possibile as far as possible, within the bounds of possibility4 mat. limitcaso limite borderline case; data limite deadline, time-limitlimite di cassa cash limit; limite di età age limit; limite di fido credit limit; limite di guardia flood mark; limite massimo econ. ceiling; limite delle nevi perenni snow line; limite di sicurezza safety limit; limite di tempo time-limit; limite di velocità speed limit o restriction.
См. также в других словарях:
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